Inventors and Inventions 9th Grade

1. Dmitry Mendeleev developed the periodic classification of chemical elements. 

2. Nicola Copernic proposed that the sun is the center of the solar system. 

 3. Charles Darwin created the theory of evolution 

4. Isaak Newton developed the principles of modern physics 

5. Carl Linneus created the two-part naming system to classify all life forms. 

 6. James Hutton invented one of the fundamental principles of geology. 

7. Ivan Pavlov developed the concept of the conditioned reflex. 

8. Herodotus wrote the history of the Greco-Persian Wars. 

9. Beethoven wrote many symphonies. 

10. Stephen William Hawking developed a cosmological theory. 

11. Carl Linne developed a scientific classification of living organisms. 

12. Alfred Noble invented dynamite. 

13. Albert Einstein developed several monumental physical theories. 

14. Sigmund Freud developed the principles of psychoanalysis. 

15. Noam Chomsky wrote classification of formal languages.

Inventions and Discoveries p. 119 task 2c

The story of Daedalus and Icarus

In Greek mythology Daedalus was a famous artist, architect and inventor who worked on the island of Crete. He built a Labyrinth where King Minos kept the Minotaur, a terrible monster who had a human body and a bull’s head.  It was very complicated to find the way out of the Labyrinth. Since Daedalus had designed it he knew the secret.  King Minos was afraid that Daedalus would tell someone the secret so he did not let him leave the island.  But Daedalus and his son Icarus wanted to leave. After a lot of thinking Daedalus got an idea. “We are going to escape by air”.  They took some feathers, stuck them into wax and put them on their arms.  They flew above the walls of the prison. Icarus was so happy he could fly that he forgot about his father's advice not to fly too high. He got too close to the sun and the wax melted. Icarus crashed into the sea and drowned. 

 This story tells us that even thousands of years ago people wanted to fly.

 Leonardo da Vinci (1452 to 1519) was a famous artist and engineer who lived in Italy. He made drawings and descriptions of some very interesting machines that he had invented.  He was left-handed and he wrote all his notes in reverse.  You could only read them in the mirror.  Among his drawings there was one from 1488 called ‘design for a flying machine. This flying machine had wings like a bird and pedals like a bicycle.  Leonardo wanted to launch his flying machine from Monte Ceceri (Mount Swan) in Italy, but as far as we know no he never did.

Listen to the story about the Wright brothers.

The brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright had always wanted to fly.  They lived in Ohio and ran a small bicycle factory.  They were deeply shocked when they read in the newspapers about the tragic death of Otto Lilienthal, a German who had published a book about the flying of birds.  They decided to continue Lilienthal‘s experiments with gliders. They even tied a glider to a horse which pulled it. After some time they built the first plane with a petrol engine.  They called it flyer.  It had two sets of wings and two propellers and the pilot set out in front in the open air.  In December 1903 in Kitty Hawk Wilbur Wright made the first airplane flight in history, staying in the air for 12 seconds. The same day he flew two more times and managed to stay in the air for 59 seconds.  And this was just the beginning of the real history of flying. 

Change the Sentences into Passive Voice

1. In Greek mythology Daedalus built a Labyrinth
2. King Minos kept the Minotaur
3. Daedalus had designed Labyrinth
4. Daedalus will tell someone the secret
5. King Minos did not let Daedalus leave the island.   
6. They took some feathers,
7. They stuck some feathers into wax
8. Daedalus and Icarus put wings on their arms. 
9. Icarus forgot his father's advice not to fly too high. 
10. Leonardo da Vinci made drawings and descriptions of some very interesting machines.
11. Leonardo da Vinci had invented some machines. 
12. Leonardo da Vinci wrote all his notes in reverse. 
13. You could only read his notes in the mirror
14. Leonardo didn’t launch his flying machine from Monte Ceceri (Mount Swan) in Italy
15. The brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright ran a small bicycle factory. 
16. The news about the death of Otto Lilienthal  shocked The brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright . 
17. Otto Lilienthal, a German, had published a book about the flying of birds. 
18. They continued Lilienthal‘s experiments with gliders. 
19. They even tied a glider to a horse
20. After some time they built the first plane with a petrol engine. 
21. The brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright called the machine flyer. 
22. In December 1903 in Kitty Hawk Wilbur Wright made the first airplane flight in history. 

Science Museum, museum that is the headquarters of Britain’s National Museum of Science and Industry and is one of the greatest museums of science and technology in the world.